Ferro-hydrodynamic induced convection flow and heat transfer of nanofluids in a corrugated wall enclosure

This study aims to improve heat transfer by utilizing Kelvin forces and inducing magnetic-induced convection in ferro-hydrodynamic convection, conjunction with nanoparticle migrations. The fundamental equations governing the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, mass were formulated as partial differential equations. As primary terms, model incorporated buoyancy, Lorenz, forces. In this context, temperature variations presence a variable magnetic field generate temperature-dependent body force. can induce fluid circulation. Thus, even without gravitational force, force stimulate flows. thoroughly examined impact source placement on transfer. An increase Ha from 0 100 reduced average Nusselt number (NuAvg) approximately 60% all cases, regardless position. However, (Mnf) its effect NuAvg are dependent source's